Dark corners of the language: an article on articles
October 27th 2009 04:44
English is simple, right? Where French and Italian makes things difficult with two forms of the definite article, masculine and feminine, and German makes things even tougher by throwing in neuter, English uses just one word. The. Isn't that easy?
Unfortunately, no. Which, for example, is correct: "She is in hospital" or "She is in the hospital". The answer depends if you are British or American.
Spare a thought for anyone who has had to learn such nuances as a second language. An interesting example is a German learning English. The German sentence, "Da er Gärtner ist, liebt er die Natur" translates to, "Being a gardener, he is fond of nature". Note that the German construction uses no article before the noun Gärtner while English requires an indefinite article, and German requires a definite article before Natur while English requires no article.
Dig a bit further and it becomes apparent that the rules governing English articles are not simple at all.
One of the least understood dark corners of the language is the use of indefinite articles. A versus an. Is it correct, for example, to say a history or an history?
The issue causes considerable debate, and it is possible in an internet search to find persuasive opinion claiming both are correct. The real answer is "a history", but the reason is a little surprising. Most of us know the rule that an is used before a vowel and a is used before a consonant. What is not always clearly understood is that this applies to the way language is spoken, not written.
Take, for example, an East Londoner who speaks with a Cockney accent. This person would never pronounce the h at the start of the word history. They would say "an 'istory". They would also say an 'ospital and an 'orse etc. And they would be grammatically correct in doing so!
For those who do pronounce the h in history, on the other hand, a rather than an is correct.
It is for the same reason that it is right to use an before words that are spelled with an initial consonant but which are pronounced with an initial vowel sound: an honour, an heir etc. And it is for the same reason that it is correct to use a before a word spelled with an initial vowel but pronounced with an initial consonant sound: a ewe, a university etc.
And the deepest, darkest corner of all surrounds the word historical. "A historical period" is technically correct, and it is easy enough to write it like that. But who amongst us thinks to say it that way? Not me.
research: owl.english.purdue.edu, davidappleyard.com, encarta.msn.com
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